Overview
The digestive system's primary purpose is to break down food into simple molecules that can enter human cells and provide nutrition. Since we are focusing on metabolic syndrome, obesity, and metabolic disease, we will focus this discussion on the breakdown of carbohydrates, also known as sugars, starches, and fibers. Nevertheless, the digestive system does much the same for proteins, fats, and vitamins, albeit by slightly different processes.
Enzymes are the body's specialty chemicals that change a chemical into a new chemical when mixed with certain other chemicals. Mouth saliva contains the enzyme alpha-amylase, which is remarkably effective at breaking down complex carbohydrate molecules into simpler carbohydrate molecules. This enzymatic hydrolysis is where the long, complex process of reducing food to glucose to be taken into the cell for nutrition truly begins. Enzymatic hydrolysis is particularly good at breaking down the simpler carbohydrates called starches. The mouth also transports the ground, mixed, liquified, and enzymatically treated food to the esophagus.
This process of breaking down the components of a bolus of food using microbes is called microbial hydrolysis. Microbial hydrolysis is particularly effective at breaking down the full range of carbohydrates, including sugars, starches, and fibers. Therefore, it makes sense for microbial hydrolysis to occur further along in the digestive process, where it can complete the conversion of any remaining molecule types.
Considering the overwhelming complexity of the bioreactor's vertical and horizontal ecosystems, it becomes clear that there are no quick fixes to metabolic syndrome, obesity, and metabolic disease. Short-term special diets, weight loss, and adding healthy foods, probiotics, prebiotics, antioxidants, and supplements will not likely get the job done. The Actionable Knowledge of the Nutrimatters nutritional model can help avoid and reverse metabolic syndrome, obesity, and metabolic disease.