Overview
Regarding nutrition, it is the secondary molecules resulting from hydrolysis that differentiate sugar, starch, and fiber. The more complex the compound of glucose molecules is, the more carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen molecules it has, the more secondary molecules are created by hydrolysis. Some of these secondary molecules are helpful, and some are harmful, and there are a vast number of them. The combinations and permutations of secondary molecules are almost incalculable.
The first thing to learn about all sugars is that they are threshold toxins. Sugar is safe and beneficial up to a threshold. After that threshold, sugar is toxic. These thresholds differ by sugar type and quantity, but they apply to all forms of sugar, including pure glucose.
In the twenty years between the mid-1950s and the mid-1970s, the rates of metabolic syndrome, obesity, and metabolic disease did not rise significantly, even though factory food consumption did rise significantly. However, between the mid-1970s and now, metabolic syndrome, obesity, and metabolic disease have skyrocketed with no significant change in eating patterns.
What has changed? Factory food has changed. There were many changes, many of them bad. But the elephant in the room was that factory food changed the type of sweetener they added to food. Until the mid-1970s, the primary sweetener in factory food was dextrose, which is basically powdered glucose. After the mid-1970s, the primary sweetener became fructose and sucrose, which is half fructose.